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Analisis Dosis efektif cemaran 210Po pada Krustasea dan Moluska di Lamongan dan Sukabumi
Abstract
Penelitian ini menghitung 210Po pada beberapa spesies filum krustasea dan filum moluska secara purposive sampling di Lamongan dan Sukabumi. Aktivitas 210Po dari tujuh sampel yaitu 3 sampel krustasea asal Sukabumi dan 4 sampel moluska asal Lamongan di analisis menggunakan Spektrometer Alfa energi 5,305 MeV selama 48 jam. Dari hasil analisis, didapatkan aktivitas 210Po tertinggi pada Krustasea sekitar pada Udang kipas (23,28±3,33 Bq/Kg) dan terendah pada rajungan Rajungan (1,46 ± 0,34 Bq/Kg). Aktivitas 210Po tertinggi pada Moluska terdapat pada Cumi-cumi (25,71±3,66 Bq/Kg) dan terendah yaitu Kerang hijau (6,00±1,00 Bq/Kg). Dosis efektif tahunan tertinggi dari Lamongan pada bayi dengan konsumsi udang kipas (34,22 μSv/tahun), pada anak-anak (10,11 μSv/tahun) dan dewasa (4,67 μSv/tahun). Dosis efektif tahunan tertinggi dari Sukabumi pada bayi dengan konsumsi cumi-cumi (19,27 μSv/tahun), pada anak-anak (5,69 μSv/tahun) dan dewasa (2,63 μSv/tahun). Dosis efektif tahunan ini jauh lebih rendah dari kisaran dosis yang ditetapkan The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), menandakan bahwa Indonesia aman dari unsur radioaktif 210Po. Dosis konsumsi efektif tahunan sangat bergantung pada asupan makanan laut tahunan melalui makanan ditambah dengan kebiasaan masyarakat yang selalu memasak sebelum mengkonsumsi makanan laut. Fakta ini harus dipertimbangkan ketika membandingkan dosis efektif tahunan antar wilayah atau negara serta dalam melakukan perhitungan cemaran 210Po pada beberapa spesies di filum krustasea dan moluska yang di distribusikan dan dikonsumsi.
ABSTRACT
This study calculated 210Po in several species of crustacean and mollusc by purposive sampling in Lamongan and Sukabumi. The 210Po activity of seven samples, as filum 3 crustacean samples from Sukabumi and 4 mollusc samples from Lamongan, was analyzed using an alpha spectrometer with an energy of 5.305 MeV for 48 hours. The highest 210Po activity was found in Crustacea in Fan shrimp (23.28 ± 3.33 Bq/Kg) and the lowest in Crab Crab (1.46±0.34 Bq/Kg). The highest 210Po activity in Molluscs was found in Squid (25.71±3.66 Bq / Kg) and the lowest was in Green mussel (6.00±1.00 Bq/Kg). The highest annual effective dose from Lamongan in infants with fan shrimp consumption (34.22 μSv/year), in children (10.11 μSv/year) and adults (4.67 μSv/year). The highest annual effective dose from Sukabumi in infants with squid consumption (19.27 μSvyear), in children (5.69 μSv/year) and adults (2.63 μSv/year). This annual effective dose is much lower than the dose range set by The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), indicating that Indonesia is safe from the radioactive element 210Po. The annual effective consumption dose depends on seafood intake through food plus the community’s habit of always cooking before consuming seafood. This fact must be considered when comparing the annual effective dose between regions or countries and in calculating 210Po contamination in several species of crustaceans and molluscs that are distributed and consumed.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v19i2.1005
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