Evaluasi Mutu dan Keamanan Pangan Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) di Perairan Maluku Utara, Indonesia

Abstract

Laut Maluku merupakan salah satu daerah tangkapan ikan tuna dengan produksi yang cukup tinggi, terutama di perairan Maluku Utara. Zona operasi penangkapan ikan tuna di Maluku Utara berada di perairan pulau Bacan, Tidore, Ternate, Obi, Sanana, dan Morotai. Isu pencemaran perairan yang berimplikasi terhadap perikanan karena beberapa jenis polutan bersifat persisten, akumulatif dan tidak dapat diuraikan, hal ini sejalan dengan isu keamanan pangan yang terjadi di Indonesia. Ikan tuna dapat menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan pada manusia karena terjadinya kontaminasi mikroba dan kontaminasi kimia pada saat proses penangkapan, penanganan maupun pengolahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dan keamanan ikan Thunnus albacares dengan beberapa parameter uji yaitu Organoleptik, Angka Lempeng Total (ALT), uji Histamin dan Merkuri. Sample dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan lokasi fishing ground di sekitar perairan Sanana, perairan Fala, Tobelo, Ternate, Pulau Obi dan Morotai. Evaluasi organoleptik dilakukan untuk melihat kondisi ikan keseluruhan (mata, insang, lendir, daging, bau, dan tekstur), kondisi ikan dalam keadaan segar dengan nilai rata-rata >7. Nilai ALT menunjukkan rata-rata 5x103 cfu/g, kandungan histamin < 2,4 ppm dan akumulasi logam berat pada daging Thunnus albacares berada di bawah batas legal yaitu < 1 ppm. Tidak ditemukan nilai uji diatas ambang batas legal. Thunnus albacares yang ditangkap di perairan Maluku Utara, Indonesia berkualitas baik dan aman untuk dikonsumsi.

ABSTRACT

Maluku Sea is one of the tuna fishing areas with quite high production, especially in the waters of North Maluku. The tuna fishing operation zone in North Maluku is in the waters of Bacan, Tidore, Ternate, Obi, Sanana, Morotai and Ambon islands. The issue of water pollution which has implications for fisheries is increasingly receiving world attention because several types of pollutants are persistent, accumulative and cannot be described, this is in line with the food safety issue that occurs in Indonesia. Tuna fish can cause health problems due to microbial contamination and chemical contamination during the catching, handling and processing processes. This study aims to evaluate the quality and safety of Thunnus albacares fish using several test parameters, namely Organoleptic, Total Plate Number (ALT), Histamine and Mercury tests. Samples were collected from fishermen’s catches at fishing ground locations around Sanana waters, Fala waters, Tobelo, Ternate, Obi Island and Morotai. Organoleptic evaluation was carried out to see the overall condition of the fish (eyes, gills, mucus, flesh, smell and texture), the condition of the fish was fresh with an average value of >7. The ALT value showed an average of 5x103 CFU/g, the histamine content was <2.4 ppm/g, and the accumulation of heavy metals in Thunnus albacares meat was below the legal limit, namely <1 ppm/g. No test values were found above the legal threshold. Thunnus albacares caught in the waters of North Maluku, Indonesia are of good quality and safe for consumption.
Keyword: food safety, histamine, heavy metal