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Caudal Keel Tuna Sebagai Sumber Bahan Baku Baru Minyak Ikan: Pengaruh Suhu Dan Waktu Ekstraksi
Abstract
Minyak ikan adalah produk pengembangan hasil perikanan dengan nilai potensi yang tinggi. By-product yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan oleh industri pengolahan perikanan adalah sirip ekor (caudal keel) tuna. Caudal keel tuna (Thunnus albacares) berpotensi sebagai sumber alternatif baru bahan baku dalam upaya untuk penanganan dan pemanfaatan by-product perikanan. Penelitian ini berjuan guna menentukan karakteristik proksimat, kadar logam berat, profil asam lemak, indeks aterogenik (IA) dan indeks trombogenik (IT), serta penentuan suhu serta waktu ekstraksi terbaik minyak ikan kasar caudal keel tuna menggunakan metode dry rendering. Metode dry rendering sebagai metode ekstraksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian, dengan menggunakan variasi suhu 80, 90, 100oC selama 2, 3, dan 4 jam. Minyak ikan yang telah diekstrak dilakukan pengukuran rendemen, dan parameter oksidasi minyak meliputi peroksida (PV), asam lemak bebas (FFA), nilai anisidin serta total oksidasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan analisis Rancangan Acak lengkap Faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yakni suhu dan waktu ekstraksi. Studi berikut memakai Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial melalui 2 faktor, yakni suhu serta waktu ekstraksi. Setiap percobaan dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan lemak caudal keel tuna 3,32%. Kadar logam berat di bawah standar (BPOM). Karakteristik minyak ikan caudal keel tuna terpilih dihasilkan pada suhu 80oC dengan waktu 2 jam, rendemen 2,83%, peroksida 17,50 meq/kg, asam lemak bebas (FFA) 1,21, nilai anisidin 12,05 meq/kg, dan nilai total oksidasi 47,02 meq/kg. Profil asam lemak didominasi oleh asam dokosaheksaenoat (DHA) 21,77%. Nilai indeks aterogenik (IA) dan indeks trombogenik (IT) sebesar 0,51 dan 0,29.
ABSTRACT
Fish oil is a fishery product with significant development potential. high. Aby-product that has not been widely utilised by the fisheries processing industry is thecaudal fin of tuna. Caudal keel tuna (Thunnus albacares) has the potential as a new alternative source of raw materials in an effort to handle and utilise fisheries by-products . The following study aimed to determine the proximate characteristics, heavy metal content, fatty acid profile, atherogenic index (IA) and thrombogenic index (IT), as well as to determine the best extraction temperature and time for crude fish oil of caudal keel tuna using dry rendering method. The oil extraction process uses the dry rendering method using temperature variations of 80, 90, 100oC for 2, 3, and 4 hours. The extracted fish oil was measured for yield, and oil oxidation parameters including peroxide (PV), free fatty acids (FFA), anisidine value and total oxidation. The following study used a Factorial Complete Randomised Design analysis with 2 factors, namely temperature and extraction time. The following study utilised a completely randomised factorial design with two factors, temperature and extraction time. Each experiment was conducted with 2 replications. The results showed that the fat content of caudal keel tuna was 3.32%. Heavy metal content was below the standard (BPOM). The characteristics of selected tuna caudal keel fish oil was produced at 80oC for 2 hours, yield 2.83%, PV 17.50 meq/kg, FFA 1.21%, anisidine value 12.05 meq/kg, overall oxidation 47.02 meq/kg. The fatty acid profile was dominated by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 21.77%. The arterogenic index (IA) and thrombogenic index (IT) values were 0.51 and 0.29, respectively.
KEYWORDS: Fish oil, by-product, caudal keel tuna, dry rendering
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