Penapisan Actinobacteria Akuatik Penghasil Antibakteri dari Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) dan Belanak (Mugil cephalus) dengan Metode Double-Layer Diffusion

Muhammad Alfid Kurnianto, Harsi Dewantari Kusumaningrum, Hanifah Nuryani Lioe

Abstract


Saluran pencernaan (terutama usus) ikan perairan estuaria merupakan salah satu ceruk lingkungan potensial Actinobacteria yang belum tereksplorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik morfologi Actinobacteria asal ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) dan belanak (Mugil cephalus) serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antimikroba yang dihasilkannya. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengambil usus ikan, kemudian digesta usus secara perlahan dipisahkan untuk dieksplorasi keberadaan Actinobacteria dengan menggunakan media isolasi selektif. Isolat yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi berdasarkan ciri makroskopik dan mikroskopik, serta dilakukan penapisan antibakteri awal menggunakan metode double-layer diffusion. Isolat dengan zona penghambatan terbaik dipilih untuk dilakukan produksi dan ekstraksi senyawa antibakteri, serta uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap bakteri uji Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Escherichia coli. Sebanyak 44 isolat Actinobacteria telah diisolasi dari digesta usus ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) dan belanak (Mugil cephalus) menggunakan media strach casein dan actinomycete isolation agar. Sebagian besar isolat yang diperoleh menunjukkan karakteristik morfologi genus Streptomyces sp., seperti koloni memiliki tekstur menyerupai serbuk, bertepung dan kasar, memiliki aerial miselium berwarna putih dan substrat miselium berwarna krim susu, serta memiliki bentuk rantai spora rectus-flexibilis. Proses penapisan antibakteri isolat Actinobacteria menunjukkan 22 isolat memiliki indeks penghambatan terhadap sedikitnya satu bakteri uji, dengan aktivitas terbaik ditunjukkan oleh isolat A-SCA-11. Uji antibakteri terhadap ekstrak kasar isolat A-SCA-11 menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri berspektrum luas yang mampu menghambat seluruh bakteri uji dengan zona hambat tertinggi pada P. aeruginosa

 

Abstract

The gut of estuary fish is one of the potential novel niches of Actinobacteria that has not yet been explored. This study aimed to isolate and identify the morphological characteristics of Actinobacteria from milkfish (Chanos chanos) and blue-spot mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) and to evaluate the antibacterial activity produced. This research was started by taking the fish gut, and then the digesta were slowly separated to explore the presence of Actinobacteria using selective isolation media. The isolates obtained were characterized by macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, and antibacterial preliminary screening of isolates was performed using a double-layer diffusion method. The isolates with the best inhibition zone were selected for production and extraction of antibacterial compounds, and antibacterial activity tests using the disk-diffusion method against the test bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. A total of 44 isolates of Actinobacteria have been isolated from the gut of fish using starch casein and actinomycete isolation agar. Most isolates showed morphological characteristics of the genus Streptomyces sp., such as colonies with a tough or powdery texture, antibacterial have white aerial mycelium and milk-cream substrate mycelium, and rectus-flexibilis spore chain. The antibacterial preliminary screening of Actinobacteria isolates showed 22 isolates had inhibitory index against at least one test bacterium, with the best activity indicated by A-SCA-11. Antibacterial test of A-SCA-11 crude extract showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity that was able to inhibit all test bacteria with the highest inhibitory zone on P. aeruginosa.


Keywords


ikan bandeng; ikan belanak; actinobacteria; antimikroba; double-layer diffusion

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v15i1.647

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