Simulasi Transportasi Ikan Nila Hidup Menggunakan Sistem Basah Terbuka pada Suhu Rendah
Abstract
Abstrak
Kualitas dan sintasan ikan nila setelah transportasi umumnya masih rendah yang disebabkan oleh terjadinya stres selama pengangkutan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui performansi metode transportasi ikan nila dengan sistem basah terbuka yang dilakukan pada suhu rendah dan kepadatan berbeda. Simulasi transportasi dilakukan dengan perlakuan suhu rendah (15 dan 20°C) dan kepadatan ikan berbeda (100 dan 150 g/L). Simulasi dilakukan dengan simulator goncangan yang bekerja dengan arah horizontal (maju dan mundur) sejauh 0,24 m dengan kecepatan 0,14 m/detik selama 8 jam. Selama pengujian, dilakukan aerasi menggunakan oksigen dengan debit 4 L/menit. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah pengukuran kualitas air yang meliputi oksigen terlarut (DO), pH, TDS, suhu, kandungan total amonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrat, dan nitrit. Kandungan glukosa darah ikan diukur sebelum dan sesudah simulasi, sedangkan sintasan ikan diamati setelah uji simulasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kandungan TAN, nitrat, dan nitrit pada perlakuan suhu rendah nilainya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan suhu 15°C (kepadatan 100 g/L) menghasilkan kandungan TAN dan kenaikan kandungan nitrat terendah, yaitu masing-masing 2,88 ppm dan 13,6 ppm. Sementara itu, kenaikan kandungan nitrit terendah terdapat pada perlakuan suhu 20°C (kepadatan 100 g/L) sebesar 0,06 ppm. Nilai pH air relatif sama pada semua perlakuan, yaitu 7,5-7,8. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan perlakuan suhu rendah tidak berpengaruh terhadap TDS air, sedangkan pada perlakuan kepadatan ikan yang lebih tinggi menghasilkan TDS lebih tinggi pula. Sintasan tertingi diperoleh dari perlakuan suhu 15°C (kepadatan 100 g/L) sebesar 97,9 %. Pada perlakuan tersebut, kandungan TAN-nya terendah serta perubahan pH dan TDS-nya juga kecil sehingga dapat mengurangi tingkat stres ikan selama transportasi.
Abstract
The quality and survival rate (SR) of tilapia after transportation is still low due to fish stress during transportation. To overcome this problem, this study has been carried out to determine the transportation performance of tilapia using an open system at low temperatures and different densities. The transport simulations were carried out with fish densities of 100 and 150 g/L of water and temperature of 20 and 15°C. Simulations were conducted using a shock simulator with horizontal (forward and backward) movement of 0.24 m distance at a speed of 0.14 m/s continuously for 8 h. During the simulation, aeration was carried out using oxygen with a flow rate of 4 L/min. Performance tests were conducted by measuring dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate, and nitrite contents of water. The blood glucose content of fish was measured before and after the simulation, while fish survival rate was observed after the simulation test. The performance test results showed that the TAN, nitrate and nitrite content of water were lower at low temperatures compared to the control. The lowest TAN and nitrate of water occurred at a temperature of 15°C (densities of 100 g/L) with a value of 2.88 ppm and 13.6 ppm, respectively, while the lowest increase in nitrite content occurred at a temperature treatment of 20°C (density 100 g/L) of 0.06 ppm. The pH showed relatively similar for each treatment, i.e. 7.5-7.8. The TDS value showed that the low temperature treatment had no effect on TDS, while high fish densities resulted in higher TDS. The best survival rate occurred at a temperature of 15°C (density 100 g/L) of 97.9 %. This treatment also resulted in the lowest TAN content and relatively small changes in pH and TDS, so that it can reduce the fish stress levels during transportation.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Aini, M., Ali, M., & Putri, B. (2014). Penerapan Teknik Imotilisasi Benih Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Pada Transportasi Basah. E-Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan, 2(2), 217–226.
Arsyad, M., Dhamayanthi, W., & Gemaputri, A. A. (2014). Pengaruh pemberian suhu 8°C terhadap lama waktu pingsan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio), ikan patin (Pangasius sp.), ikan lele (Clarias sp.), dan ikan gurame (Osphronemus gourame). Jurnal Ilmiah Inovasi, 14(2).doi: 10.25047/jii.v14i2.36
Azambuja, C. R., Mattiazzi, J., Riffel, A. P. K., Finamor, I. A., Garcia, L. de O., Heldwein, C. G., Heinzmann, B. M., Baldisserotto, B., Pavanato, M. A., & Llesuy, S. F. (2011). Effect of the essential oil of Lippia alba on oxidative stress parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) subjected to transport. Aquaculture, 319(1–2), 156–161. doi : 10.1016/J.aquaculture.2011.06.002
Barrento, S., Marques, A., Vaz-Pires, P., & Leonor Nunes, M. (2011). Cancer pagurus (Linnaeus, 1758) physiological responses to simulated live transport: Influence of temperature, air exposure and AQUI-S®. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2(36), 128–137. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.12.006
Becker, A. G., Parodi, T. V., Zeppenfeld, C. C., Salbego, J., Cunha, M. A., Heldwein, C. G., Loro, V. L., Heinzmann, B. M., & Baldisserotto, B. (2016). Pre-sedation and transport of Rhamdia quelen in water containing essential oil of Lippia alba: metabolic and physiological responses. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 42(1), 73–81. doi: 10.1007/S10695-015-0118-X
Becker, Alexssandro Geferson, da Cunha, M. A., de Oliveira Garcia, L., Zeppenfeld, C. C., Parodi, T. V., Maldaner, G., Morel, A. F., & Baldisserotto, B. (2013). Efficacy of eugenol and the methanolic extract of Condalia buxifolia during the transport of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11(3), 675–681. doi: 10.1590/S1679-62252013000300021
Brinn, R. P., Marcon, J. L., McComb, D. M., Gomes, L. C., Abreu, J. S., & Baldisseroto, B. (2012). Stress responses of the endemic freshwater cururu stingray (Potamotrygon cf. histrix) during transportation in the Amazon region of the Rio Negro. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 162(2), 139–145. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.07.004
Colt, J., & Kroeger, E. (2013). Impact of aeration and alkalinity on the water quality and product quality of transported tilapia-A simulation study. Aquacultural Engineering, 55, 46–58. doi: 10.1016/J.aquaeng.2013.03.002
Cupp, A. R., Fredricks, K. T., Porcher, S. T., Smerud, J. R., Hartleb, C. F., & Gaikowski, M. P. (2016). Survival and behavioural responses of cool and warm water fish sedated with AQUI-S®20E (10% eugenol) at high loading densities. Aquaculture Research, 48(4), 1576–1589. doi: 10.1111/ARE.12992
Cupp, A. R., Schreier, T. M., & Schleis, S. M. (2017). Live transport of Yellow Perch and Nile Tilapia in AQUI-S 20E (10% Eugenol) at high loading densities. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 79(2), 176–182. doi: 0.1080/15222055.2017.1281853
Ebeling, J. M., Timmons, M. B., & Bisogni, J. J. (2006). Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic removal of ammonia–nitrogen in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 257(1–4), 346–358. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.019
Harmon, T. S. (2009). Methods for reducing stressors and maintaining water quality associated with live fish transport in tanks: a review of the basics. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1(1), 58–66. doi: 10.1111/J.1753-5131.2008.01003.X
Inoue, L. A. K. A., Moraes, G., Iwama, G. K., & Afonso, L. O. B. (2008). Physiological stress responses in the warm-water fish matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) subjected to a sudden cold shock. Acta Amazonica, 38(4), 603–609. doi: 10.1590/S0044-59672008000400002
Ip, Y. K., & Chew, S. F. (2010). Ammonia production, excretion, toxicity, and defense in fish: A review. Frontiers in Physiology, 1 OCT, 134. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2010.00134/BIBTEX
Khairuman, & Amri, K. (2013). Budidaya ikan nila, Agromedia Pustaka: Jakarta.
Li, P., Ray, B., Gatlin, D. M., Sink, T., Chen, R., & Lochmann, R. (2009). Effect of handling and transport on cortisol response and nutrient mobilization of golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 40(6), 803–809. doi : 10.1111/J.1749-7345.2009.00301.X
Maraja, M. K., Salindeho, N., & Pongoh, J. (2017). Penanganan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) hidup dengan dengan menggunakan es sebagai pengawet. Media Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, 5(3), 80–85.doi: 10.35800/mthp.5.3.2017.16849
Parvathy, U., Kumar, K. S., Binsi, P. K., Nambiar, L., Ninan, G., & Zynudheen, A. A. (2019). Effect of Anaesthetics, Temperature and Aeration in Live Transportation of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) (Peters, 1852). Fishery Technology, 56(1).
Randall, D. J., & Tsui, T. K. N. (2002). Ammonia toxicity in fish. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 45(1–12), 17–23. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00227-8
Sampaio, F. D. F., & Freire, C. A. (2016). An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration. Fish and Fisheries, 17(4), 1055–1072. doi: 10.1111/faf.12158
Sreekumar, N. V., Narayana, B., Hegde, P., Manjunatha, B. R., & Sarojini, B. K. (2003). Determination of nitrite by simple diazotization method. Microchemical Journal, 74(1), 27–32. doi: 10.1016/S0026-265X(02)00093-0
Suwandi, R., Nugraha, R., Zulfamy, K. E., Teknologi, D., Perairan, H., Perikanan, F., Kelautan, I., & Pertanian Bogor, I. (2013). Aplikasi ekstrak daun jambu Psidium guajava var. pomifera pada proses transportasi ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 16(1). doi: 10.17844/jphpi.v16i1.8107
Syamdidi, S., Ikasari, D., & Wibowo, S. (2006). Studi sifat fisiologi ikan gurami (Osphronemus gourami) pada suhu rendah untuk pengembangan teknologi transportasi ikan hidup. Jurnal Pascapanen Dan Bioteknologi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 1(1), 75–83. doi: 10.15578/jpbkp.v1i1.233
Taufik, I., Sutrisno, S., Yuliati, P., Supriyadi, H., Subandiyah, S., & Muthalib, L. (2005). Studi pengaruh suhu air terhadap aktivitas bakteri bioremediasi (nitrosomonas dan nitrobacter) pada pemeliharaan benih ikan patin siam (Pangasius hypopthalmus). Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 11(7), 59–66. doi: 10.15578/JPPI.11.7.2005.59-66
Treasurer, J. W. (2010). Remediation of ammonia accumulation during live transport of juvenile cod, Gadus morhua L., and the effects of fast period on ammonia levels and water quality. Aquaculture, 308(3-4), 190–195. doi: 10.1016/J.aquaculture.2010.08.013
Yustiati, A., Pribadi, S. S., Rizal, A., & Lili, W. (2017). Pengaruh kepadatan pada pengangkutan dengan suhu rendah terhadap kadar glukosa dan darah kelulusan hidup ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Akuatika Indonesia, 2(2), 138–146. doi: 10.24198/JAKI.V2I2.23424
Zhang, Y., Ning, Y., Zhang, X., Glamuzina, B., & Xing, S. (2020). Multi-sensors-based physiological stress monitoring and online survival prediction system for live fish waterless transportation. IEEE Access, 8, 40955–40965. doi: 10.1109/access.2020.2976509
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v17i1.791
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 1320 timesPDF (Bahasa Indonesia) - 1366 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
JPBKP adalah Jurnal Ilmiah yang terindeks :
ISSN : 1907-9133(print), ISSN : 2406-9264(online)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.