Simulasi Transportasi Ikan Nila Hidup Menggunakan Sistem Basah Terbuka pada Suhu Rendah

Tri Nugroho Widianto, Iwan Malhani, Nandang Priyanto

Abstract


Abstrak

Kualitas dan sintasan ikan nila setelah transportasi umumnya masih rendah yang disebabkan oleh terjadinya stres selama pengangkutan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui performansi metode transportasi ikan nila dengan sistem basah terbuka yang dilakukan pada suhu rendah dan kepadatan berbeda. Simulasi transportasi dilakukan dengan perlakuan suhu rendah (15 dan 20°C) dan kepadatan ikan berbeda (100 dan 150 g/L). Simulasi dilakukan dengan simulator goncangan yang bekerja dengan arah horizontal (maju dan mundur) sejauh 0,24 m dengan kecepatan 0,14 m/detik selama 8 jam. Selama pengujian, dilakukan aerasi menggunakan oksigen dengan debit 4 L/menit. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah pengukuran kualitas air yang meliputi oksigen terlarut (DO), pH, TDS, suhu, kandungan total amonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrat, dan nitrit. Kandungan glukosa darah ikan diukur sebelum dan sesudah simulasi, sedangkan sintasan ikan diamati setelah uji simulasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kandungan TAN, nitrat, dan nitrit pada perlakuan suhu rendah nilainya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan suhu 15°C (kepadatan 100 g/L) menghasilkan kandungan TAN dan kenaikan kandungan nitrat terendah, yaitu masing-masing 2,88 ppm dan 13,6 ppm. Sementara itu, kenaikan kandungan nitrit terendah terdapat pada perlakuan suhu 20°C (kepadatan 100 g/L) sebesar 0,06 ppm. Nilai pH air relatif sama pada semua perlakuan, yaitu 7,5-7,8. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan perlakuan suhu rendah tidak berpengaruh terhadap TDS air, sedangkan pada perlakuan kepadatan ikan yang lebih tinggi menghasilkan TDS lebih tinggi pula. Sintasan tertingi diperoleh dari perlakuan suhu 15°C (kepadatan 100 g/L) sebesar 97,9 %. Pada perlakuan tersebut, kandungan TAN-nya terendah serta perubahan pH dan TDS-nya juga kecil sehingga dapat mengurangi tingkat stres ikan selama transportasi.

 

Abstract

The quality and survival rate (SR) of tilapia after transportation is still low due to fish stress during transportation. To overcome this problem, this study has been carried out to determine the transportation performance of tilapia using an open system at low temperatures and different densities. The transport simulations were carried out with fish densities of 100 and 150 g/L of water and temperature of 20 and 15°C. Simulations were conducted using a shock simulator with horizontal (forward and backward) movement of 0.24 m distance at a speed of 0.14 m/s continuously for 8 h. During the simulation, aeration was carried out using oxygen with a flow rate of 4 L/min. Performance tests were conducted by measuring dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate, and nitrite contents of water. The blood glucose content of fish was measured before and after the simulation, while fish survival rate was observed after the simulation test. The performance test results showed that the TAN, nitrate and nitrite content of water were lower at low temperatures compared to the control. The lowest TAN and nitrate of water occurred at a temperature of 15°C (densities of 100 g/L) with a value of 2.88 ppm and 13.6 ppm, respectively, while the lowest increase in nitrite content occurred at a temperature treatment of 20°C (density 100 g/L) of 0.06 ppm. The pH showed relatively similar for each treatment, i.e. 7.5-7.8. The TDS value showed that the low temperature treatment had no effect on TDS, while high fish densities resulted in higher TDS. The best survival rate occurred at a temperature of 15°C (density 100 g/L) of 97.9 %. This treatment also resulted in the lowest TAN content and relatively small changes in pH and TDS, so that it can reduce the fish stress levels during transportation.


Keywords


nila; transportasi ikan hidup;, suhu; kepadatan; sistem terbuka

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v17i1.791

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