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Serbuk-Penyedap Rasa dari Alam: Ekstrak Kaldu dari Cangkang Udang Segar (L. vannamei) menggunakan Refluk Berbantuan Bromelain
Abstract
Limbah cangkang udang menimbulkan permasalahan polusi udara dan tumpukan sampah yang dihinggapi lalat. Pemanfaatan cangkang udang yang kaya protein dapat diekstraksi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai serbuk penyedap rasa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan karakteristik dari filtrat ekstrak cangkang udang segar dan produk serbuk rasa udang, serta menentukan kondisi ekstraksi yang optimal pada penggunaan konsentrasi bromelain dan waktu refluk. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan ekstrak udang dengan cara ekstraksi dengan alat refluk yang dilengkapi dengan pendingin yang terbagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu penambahan larutan garam dan enzim bromelain Gabungan filtrat ekstraksi dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS dan FT-IR. Selanjutnya filtrat diformulasikan menjadi serbuk penyedap rasa udang dengan beberapa bahan tambahan berupa tepung dan rempah-rempah. Selanjutnya, serbuk penyedap rasa dianalisis kadar air dan TEM. Ekstrak cangkang udang segar yang dianalsis mengandung senyawa dimetilamina dan trimetilamina yang merupakan kandungan protein, dengan kadar protein mencapai 28,984%. Selain protein, ekstrak juga mengandung asam lemak cangkang udang. Serbuk penyedap rasa udang yang dihasilkan mempunyai ukuran partikel sebesar 5 s.d 25 nm, dengan kadar air 11,11%. Kondisi operasi optimal ekstraksi protein dengan metode refluk pada kombinasi konsentrasi 2% katalis enzim bromelain pada suhu refluks 55 °C selama 1,5 jam. Ekstraksi menggunakan enzim bromelain secara bertahap memberikan kualitas flavor udang berupa serbuk kandungan protein dan lemak udang yang dipadu menjadi cita rasa spesifik dengan ukuran nanometer.
Abstract
Shrimp shell waste causes air pollution problems and piles of garbage that flies infest. The utilization of shrimp shells rich in protein can be extracted to be used as flavouring powder. This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of fresh shrimp shell extract filtrate and shrimp flavour powder product and the optimal extraction conditions using bromelain concentration and reflux time. The method used for extracting shrimp extract through extraction with a reflux tool equipped is divided into two stages adding a salt solution and bromelain enzyme. The mixed filtrate was analyzed using GC-MS and FT-IR. The filtrate is formulated into shrimp flavouring powder with some additional ingredients in the form of flour and spices. The flavouring powder was analyzed for water content and TEM. The fresh shrimp shell extracts analyzed containing dimethylamine and trimethylamine compounds which are protein content, with protein content reaching 28.984%. In addition to protein, the extract also contains fatty acids in shrimp shells. The resulting shrimp flavouring powder has a particle size of 5 to 25 nm, with a moisture content of 11.11%. Optimal operating conditions for protein extraction by reflux were method at a combined concentration of 2% bromelain enzyme catalyst at a reflux temperature of 55°C for 1.5 hours. Extraction using bromelain enzymes gradually gives shrimp flavour as a powder containing shrimp protein, combined into a specific taste with nanometer size.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v18i1.909
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