Karakterisasi Gelembung Renang Ikan Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus sp.) dan Kolagen yang dihasilkan melalui ekstrasi Asam Asetat

Abstract

Gelembung renang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku kolagen karena mempunyai kandungan protein kolagen yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning dan karakteristik kolagen yang diperoleh melalui ekstraksi menggunakan asam asetat 0,2 M. Gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning diuji kandungan komposisi proksimat, logam berat (Hg, Pb, Cd dan As) dan asam amino. Kuantitas dan kualitas kolagen hasil ekstraksi dilihat melalui parameter rendemen, komposisi proksimat, logam berat, cemaran mikroba dan karakteristik fisikokimia (gugus fungsi, berat molekul, asam amino, dan stabilitas termal). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning mengandung protein 19,17%, yang didominasi oleh jenis asam amino glisin 5,71 mg/g, arginin 3,72 mg/g dan alanin 3,95 mg/g. Kandungan logam berat gelembung renang masih berada di bawah ambang batas. Ekstraksi kolagen dari gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning  menggunakan asam asetat 0,2 M menghasilkan rendemen kolagen sebesar 1,15%. Kolagen yang dihasilkan mengandung protein sebesar 94,14%, yang didominasi oleh asam amino glisin 1957,75 mg/g, arginin 827,96 mg/g dan alanin 825,98 mg/g; tidak terdeteksi logam berat (Hg, Pb, Cd dan As); dan bebas dari cemaran Escherichia coli, Salmonella dan Coliform. Karakteristik gugus fungsi dan berat molekul menunjukkan kolagen yang diperoleh tergolong kolagen Tipe I, dan kolagen yang dihasilkan memiliki kestabilan termal yang tinggi sehingga dapat diaplikasikan pada industri makanan, farmasi dan kosmetik.

Characterization of Swimbladder and its Collagen of Yellow Fin Tuna    (Thunnus sp.) Produced from Acetic Acid Extraction

Abstract

Swimbladder can be used as raw material for collagen because it cointains high collagen protein. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the yellowfin tuna swimbladder and characterize the collagen obtained through extraction using 0.2 M acetic acid. The proximate composition, heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd and As) and amino acid content of yellowfin tuna swimbladder were observed. The quantity and quality of the obtained collagen were assigned through the parameters of yield, proximate composition, heavy metals, microbial contamination and physicochemical characteristics (functional groups, molecular weights, amino acids, and thermal stability). The result showed that yellowfin tuna swimbladder contained 19.17% protein, where glycine, arginine and alanine were the major amino acids found (i.e., 5.71 mg/g glycine; 3.72 mg/g arginine; and 3.95 mg/g alanine). The heavy metals contain of  swimbladder was found below the threshold. The yield of collagen extracted using acetic acid 0.2 M was 1.15%. The collagen of yellowfin tuna swimbladder contained protein of 94.14%, which was dominated by the amino acid glycine of 1957.75 mg/g, arginine of 827.96 mg/g and alanine of 825,98 mg/g; heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd and As) were not detected; collagen was free from contamination of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Coliform. Characteristics of functional groups and molecular weights showed that collagen obtained was classified as Type I collagen, and collagen produced had high thermal stability therefore it can be applied to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.