Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Kulit Ikan Tuna sebagai Bahan Baku Pupuk Organik Cair

Ainal Mardhiah, Nadia Putri, Dwi Apriliani, Lia Handayani

Abstract


Limbah kulit ikan tuna sirip kuning merupakan produk sampingan dari PT. YPT, Banda Aceh yang belum dimanfaatkan. Kulit ikan mengandung unsur N, P, dan K yang yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pupuk. Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) berbasis hasil samping industri hasil perikanan masih belum berkembang dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah kulit ikan tuna sirip kuning menjadi POC menggunakan metode fermentasi tradisional, mengkaji komposisi kimia (mineral) yang terkandung, dan menentukan dosis terbaik penambahan POC yang dihasilkan pada tanaman kangkung. POC dibuat dengan 2 perlakuan, yaitu penambahan molase sebanyak 2% (POC2%) dan 4% (POC4%). Uji organoleptik meliputi parameter aroma dan warna kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Uji Kruskal-Wallis. Analisis komposisi mineral POC menggunakan X-ray flouresence (XRF) dengan pupuk cair kimia sebagai pembanding. Pengujian aplikasi pupuk cair (POC dan pupuk cair komersil) pada tanaman kangkung dilakukan dengan parameter pengamatan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik diketahui bahwa perlakuan POC4% lebih cepat mengalami proses pematangan dibandingkan dengan POC2%. Uji Kruskal-wallis menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi molase berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter warna, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap parameter aroma. Hasil uji XRF menunjukkan bahwa POC menghasilkan berbagai unsur hara mikro (Si, Cl, Fe, Mn, B, dan Zn) serta unsur makro (P, K, Ca, dan S) yang relatif lengkap memenuhi kebutuhan tanaman. Berdasarkan uji yang dilakukan, POC4% memiliki karakteristik yang lebih baik dibandingkan POC2%. Dosis penggunaan optimal POC4% adalah 4 ml/L, namun aplikasi dengan konsentrasi 2 ml/L telah menghasilkan pertumbuhan kangkung yang setara dengan penggunaan pupuk cair komersil sebanyak 12 ml/L (dosis yang disesuaikan anjuran penggunaan pada kemasan).

Abstract

Yellow-fin tuna skin waste is a by-product of PT. YPT, Banda Aceh that has not been utilized. The fish skin waste contains N, P, and K elements which are applicable for fertilizer. Currently, the use of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) is still not well developed. This study aims to determine the utilization of yellow-fin tuna skin waste into LOF using traditional fermentation methods, examining the chemical composition (minerals) contained and detecting the best dose of liquid organic fertilizer for the growth of water spinach. LOF was made with 2 treatments: molasses addition of 2% (POC2%) and 4% (POC4%). The organoleptic test included odour and color parameters, analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Mineral composition test was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), with chemical liquid fertilizer as a comparison. Application test of liquid fertilizer (LOF and commercial liquid fertilizers) on water spinach with observation parameters of the plant height and number of leaves. Based on the organoleptic test, it is known that LOF4% treatment undergoes a maturation process faster than that of LOF2%. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that molasses concentration had a marked effect on the color parameter but had no effect on the odour parameter. The results of the XRF test showed that the LOF from this study contained relatively complete range of micronutrients (Si, Cl, Fe, Mn, B, and Zn) and macronutrients (P, K, Ca, and S) which are needed by plants. Based on the test conducted, LOF4% has better characteristics than LOF2%. The optimal application dose of LOF4% is 4 ml/L, but the use of 2 ml/L has resulted in water spinach growth equivalent to the application of commercial liquid fertilizer of 12 ml/L (the dose recommended for use on the package).


Keywords


limbah kulit ikan; pupuk organik cair; tuna sirip kuning; kangkung

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v17i2.861

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