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Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Hidrolisat Protein Ikan Kakap (Lutjanus sp.) Skala Pilot
Abstract
Hidrolisat protein ikan (HPI) merupakan produk dari reaksi hidrolisis ikatan peptida menghasilkan pelepasan peptida aktif pendek dan lebih mudah diserap. Ikan kakap merupakan komoditas perikanan laut yang berlimpah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik fisikokimia dan kemampuan bioaktif HPI dari ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus sp.) pada skala pilot (biofermentor 120 kg). Pengujian bahan baku dan HPI yang dilakukan meliputi uji organoleptik, uji TVB, uji ALT, uji proksimat. pembuatan HPI dilakukan dengan menggunakan enzim alkalase 20.000 U/kg substrat saat suhu 55 °C dengan waktu hidrolisis pada jam ke-0 hingga jam ke-8. Pengujian derajat hidrolisis dan uji aktivitas antioksidan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dilakukan pada tiap jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu hidrolisis mulai stabil pada jam ke-6 hingga jam ke-8. Derajat hidrolisis (DH) HPI pada jam ke-6 adalah sebesar 13,3% dan inhibisi antioksidan sebesar 6,75%. Bahan baku HPI merupakan ikan segar dengan nilai TVB 12,89%; kadar protein 21,41%; lemak 4,66%; air 72,36%; dan abu 0,95%. Komposisi kimia HPI memiliki kadar protein 19,20%; lemak 0,15%; air 0.06%; abu 1,15%. Rendemen HPI yang dihasilkan sebesar 15,75% dari bahan baku. Total mikroba dan organoleptik memenuhi standar SNI. Kandungan asam amino tertinggi dari bahan baku dan HPI merupakan asam glutamat dengan nilai masing-masing 3,3% dan 3,4%. Kandungan asam amino terendah pada bahan baku dan HPI adalah histidin dengan nilai masing-masing 0,43% dan 0,52%. Produksi HPI skala pilot menghasilkan HPI yang kaya asam amino esensial dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai ingridient pangan fungsional.
KATA KUNCI:
Abstract
Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) is a product of the hydrolysis reaction of peptide bonds resulting in the release of short active peptides and more easily absorbed. Fish protein hydrolyzate (HPI) is a product of the hydrolysis reaction of peptide bonds resulting in the release of short active peptides that are more easily absorbed. Snapper is an abundant marine fishery commodity in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics and bioactive capabilities of HPI from red snapper (Lutjanus sp.) on a pilot scale (120 kg biofermenter). Raw material and HPI testing includes organoleptic tests, TVB tests, ALT tests, proximate tests; HPI production uses the alcalase enzyme 20,000 U/kg substrate at a temperature of 55°C with a hydrolysis time of 0 to 8 hours. Tests for the degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH method are carried out every hour. The results showed that the hydrolysis time began to stabilize at the 6th to the 8th hour. The value of DH HPI at the 6th hour was 13.3% and antioxidant inhibition was 6.75%. The raw material is fresh fish with a TVB of 12.89%; protein content 21.41%; fat 4.66%; water 72.36%; ash 0.95%. The resulting HPI has a protein content of 19.20%; fat 0.15%; water 0.06%; ash 1.15%. HPI yield 15.75% of raw materials. Total microbes and organoleptics meet SNI standards. The highest amino acid content of raw materials and HPI is glutamic acid with values of 3.3% and 3.4% respectively. The lowest amino acid content in raw materials and HPI is histidine with values of 0.43% and 0.52% respectively. Pilot scale HPI production produces HPI which is rich in essential amino acids and has bioactive antioxidant capabilities, so it has the potential to be used as a functional food ingredient.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v19i1.985
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