Pengaruh Suhu Pemanasan terhadap Karakteristik Garam Fungsional dari Rumput Laut Cokelat (Sargassum aquifolium)
Abstract
Sargassum aquifolium adalah rumput laut cokelat berpotensi sebagai bahan baku garam fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh suhu pemanasan berbeda terhadap karakteristik garam fungsional S. aquifolium. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial. Perlakuan terdiri atas suhu pemanasan berbeda 25°C, 30°C, dan 35°C dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Parameter analisis terdiri atas rendemen, kadar natrium, kalium, NaCl, komponen bioaktif, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Rendemen garam S. aquifolium yang dihasilkan dengan proses diektraksi pada suhu 25°C, 30°C, dan 35°C berturut-turut sebesar 3,73%; 5,93%; dan 8,01%. Kadar natrium dan kalium garam S. aquifolium pada pemanasan dengan suhu 25°C, 30°C dan 35°C berturut-turut adalah; 1,92 mg/g; 2,29 mg/g dan 2,55 mg/g (Na), dan 39,18 mg/g; 42,64 mg/g dan 46,00 mg/g (K). Kadar NaCl yang dihasilkan dengan suhu pemanasan (25, 30, dan 25°C) sebesar 13,43%; 10,37% dan 7,95%. Senyawa bioaktif garam S. aquifolium terdiri atas fenolik, flavonoid, steroid dan saponin. Aktivitas antioksidan pada garam S. aquifolium dengan pemanasan suhu 25°C, 30°C dan 35°C diperoleh nilai IC50 berturut-turut 139,10 ppm, 147,34 ppm, dan 194.40 ppm. Perlakuan suhu pemanasan terbaik pada proses ektraksi S. aquifolium adalah 35°C, garam yang dihasilkan memiliki karakteristik rendemen 8,01%, kadar natrium 2,55 mg/g, kalium 46,00 mg/g, NaCl 7,95%. Senyawa bioaktif yang diperoleh terdiri dari fenolik, flavonoid, steroid, dan saponin. Aktivitas antioksidan garam S. aquifolium dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 194,40 ppm.
Abstract
Sargassum aquifolium is a brown seaweed that has potential as a raw material for functional salt. This research aimed to determine the effect of different heating temperatures on the functional salt characteristics of S. aquifolium. The method used was an experiment using a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment consisted of different heating temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C with 3 repetitions. The analysis parameters consist of yield, content of sodium, potassium, NaCl, bioactive compound, and antioxidant activity. The yield of S. aquifolium salt produced by the extraction process at temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C was 3.73%; 5.93%; and 8.01%. The sodium and potassium content of S. aquifolium salt when heated to a temperature of 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C were; 1.92 mg/g; 2.29 mg/g, and 2.55 mg/g (Na) and 39.18 mg/g; 42.64 mg/g and 46.00 mg/g (K). The NaCl content produced by heating temperatures (25, 30, and 25C) was 13.43%; 10.37%, and 7.95%. The bioactive compounds of S. aquifolium salt consist of phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. The antioxidant activity of S. aquifolium salt by heating at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C obtained IC50 values of 139.10 ppm, 147.34 ppm, and 194.40 ppm respectively. The best heating temperature treatment in the S. aquifolium extraction process was 35°C. The resulting salt has a yield characteristic of 8.01%, sodium content 2.55 mg/g, potassium 46.00 mg/g, and NaCl 7.95%. The bioactive compounds are phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. The antioxidant activity of S. aquifolium salt has an IC50 value of 194.40 ppm.
Keywords: antioxidant, functional salt, sodium, NaCl, potasium, Sargassum aquifolium
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Abdullah, A., Rahmadhani, A., & Seulalae, A. V. (2022). Antioxidant Activity And Combination Characteristics Of Filtrates And Sargassum polycystum Seaweed Salt Residue. Kuwait Journal of Science. 49(3).
Aisyah, Y., Rasdiansyah., & Muhaimin. (2015). Pengaruh Pemanasan Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Beberapa Jenis Antioksidan. Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia. 6(2), 28-32.
Alberta, L. T., Proboningsih, J., & Almahmuda, M. (2014). Peningkatan Perilaku Fungsional Rendah Garam Berbasis Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi. Jurnal Ners. 9(2), 297-304.
Arguelles, E.D.L.R., and Sapi, A.B. (2021). Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh and its potential for Pharmaceutical Application. Philippine Journal of Science. 151(S1), 9 24.
Association of Analytical Chemisttry Publisher (AOAC). (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of The Association of Official Analytical of Chemist. Arlington Virginia USA: The Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Inc.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN). (2016). SNI-3556 2016 Tentang Garam Konsumsi Beriodium. Jakarta (ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Chojnacka, K., Saeid, A., Witkowska, Z., & Tuhy, L. (2012). Biologically Active Compounds in Seaweed Extracts-the Prospects for The Application. In The Open Conference Proceedings Journal (Vol. 3, No. 1).
Diachanty, S. (2018). Karakteristik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Rumput Laut Cokelat (Sargassum polycystum, Padina minor, dan Turbinaria conoides) Sebagai Bahan Baku Sediaan Garam Fungsional. [Tesis]. Bogor (ID). Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Dinas Kesehatan (DINKES). (2019). Profil Dinas Kesehatan Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2019. Jakarta (ID).
Dolorosa, T. M., Nurjanah, Purwaningsih S., Effionora A., & Taufik, H. (2017). Kandungan senyawa bioaktif bubur rumput laut Sargassum plagyophyllum dan Eucheuma cottonii sebagai bahan baku krim pencerah kulit. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20(3), 633-644.
Filho, J.M.T.A., Sampalo, P.A., Pereira, V.E.C., Junior, R.G.O., Silva, F.S., Almeida, J.R.G.S., Rolim, L.A., Nunes, X.P., Araujo, E.C.C. (2016). Flavonoids as Photoprotective Agents: A Systematic Review. J Med Plan Res. 10(47): 848-864.
Fu, M., Xu, Y., Chen, Y., Wu, J., Yu, Y., Zou, B., & Xiao, G. (2017). Evaluation of Bioactive Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Citrus reticulate‘Chachi’) during storage. Food Chemistry. 230, 649-656.
Gnanavel, V., Roopan, S.M., Rajeshkumar, S. (2019). Aquaculture: An Overview of Chemical Ecology of Seaweeds (Food Species) in Natural Products.Aquaculture. 507:1–6.
Guerrero, L., Castillo, J., Quinones, M., Garcia-Vallve, S., Arola, L., Pujadas, G., & Muguerza, B. (2012). Inhibition Of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity by Flavonoids: Structure Activity Relationship Studies. PloS one., 7(11), e49493.
Harborne, J. B. (1996). Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Terbitan Kedua. ITB: Bandung
Irawati, N.A.V. (2015). Antihypertensive Effects of Avocado Leaf Extract (Persea Americana mill). J., Major. 4(1): 44-48.
Kadi, A. (2005). Beberapa Catatan Kehadiran Marga Sargassum di Perairan Indonesia. Oseana. 30(4): 19-29
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP). (2022). Rilis Data Ekspor Budidaya Rumput Laut. Jakarta (ID): KKP.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP). (2022). Rilis Data Kelautan dan Perikanan Triwulan I 2022. Jakarta (ID).
Lee, Z. H., Lee, M. F., Chen, J. H., Tsou, M. H., Wu, Z. Y., Lee, C. Z., & Lin, H. M. (2022). Fucoidan with three functions extracted from Sargassum aquifolium integrated rice husk synthesis dual-imaging mesoporous silica nanoparticle. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 20(1), 298.
Lipinwati, L. (2017). Pengetahuan Pasien Hipertensi Terhadap Diet Rendah Garam Sebelum Dan Sesudah Diberikan Konsultasi Gizi Di Poli Gizi Rumah Sakit Raden Mattaher Tahun 2017. JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL” Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan”. 5(2).
Magnusson, M., Carl, C., Mata, L., Nys, R., Paul, N.A. (2016). Seaweed Salt From Ulv: A Novel First Step In A Cascading Biorefinery Model. Alga research. 16(2016): 308 316.
Manteu, S. H. (2019). Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Dalam Mereduksi Aroma Amis Pada Garam Fungsional Berbahan Baku Rumput Laut Sargassum polycystum dan Padina minor. [Disertasi]. Bogor. IPB University.
Manteu, S. H., & Nurjanah, N. T. (2018). Karakteristik Rumput Laut Cokelat (Sargassum policystum dan Padina minor) dari Perairan Pohuwato Provinsi Gorontalo. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(3), 396-405.
Nagappan, H., Pee, P. P., Kee, S. H. Y., Ow, J. T., Yan, S. W., Chew, L. Y., & Kong, K. W. (2017). Malaysian Brown seaweeds Sargassum siliquosum and Sargassum polycystum: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), α amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. Food Research International. 99, 950-958.
Nomleni, E. R., Henggu, K. U., & Meiyasa, F. (2022). Ekstraksi Garam Dari Rumput Laut Caulerpa Lentilifera Dengan Kombinasi Perlakuan Agitasi dan Non Agitasi Pada Suhu Yang Berbeda. Journal of Marine Research. 11(4), 609-619.
Nufus, C., Abdullah, A., & Nurjanah. (2019). Characteristics Of Green Seaweed Salt As Alternative Salt For Hypertensive Patients. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 278, No. 1, p. 012050). IOP Publishing.
Nurjanah, A. A., Darusman, H. S., Diaresty, J. V. G., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021). The Antioxidant Activity Of Seaweed Salt From Sargassum polycystum in Sprague-Dawley male white rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 12(4), 2601-2609.
Nurjanah, N., Abdullah, A., & Nufus, C. (2018). Karakteristik Sediaan Garam Ulva lactuca Dari Perairan Sekotong Nusa Tenggara Barat Bagi Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(1), 109-117.
Nurjanah, N., Jacoeb, A. M., Bestari, E., & Seulalae, A. V. (2020). Karakteristik Bubur Rumput Laut Gracilaria verrucosa dan Turbinaria conoides Sebagai Bahan Baku Body Lotion. Jurnal Akuatek. 1(2), 73-83.
Parubak, A.S. (2013). Senyawa Flavonoid yang Bersifat Antibakteri dari Akway (Drimys becariana, Gibbs). Chem Prog. 6(1):34-37.
Parubak, A. S. (2019). Senyawa Flavonoid yang Bersifat Antibakteri dari Akway (Drimys becariana. Gibbs). Chemistry Progress. 6(1).
Patel, J. V., Tracey, I., Hughes, E. A., & Lip, G.Y. (2010). Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Acids And Cardiovascular Disease: Notable Ethnic Differences Or Unfulfilled Promise Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 8(10), 2095 2104.
Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian (PERMENPERIN). (2014). Perubahan Atas Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian No 134/MIND/PER/10/2009 Tentang Peta Panduan (Road Map) Pengembangan Klaster Industri Garam.
Priyanto, J. A. (2019). Karakteristik Actinotrichia fragilis Sebagai Bahan Baku Garam Rumput Laut.
Samir, R., Hassan, E. A., Saber, A. A., Haneen, D. S., & Saleh, E. M. (2023). Seaweed Sargassum aquifolium extract ameliorates cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 30(20), 58226-58242.
Škrovánková, S. (2011). Seaweed Vitamins As Nutraceuticals. Advances In Food And Nutrition Research. 64, 357-369.
Sampaio, P. A., ValenÃ, E. C., Silva, F. S., da Silva Almeida, J. R. G., Rolim, L. A., Nunes, X.P., & da Cruz Araújo, E. C. (2016). Flavonoids As Photoprotective Agents: A Systematic Review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 10(47), 848-864.
Steel, R.G.D dan Torrie, J.H. 1993. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika. Terjemahan Bambang Sumantri. Gramedia. Jakarta.
Yofananda, O., & Estiasih, T. (2016). Bioactive Compounds Potential in Local Tubers for Lowering Blood Glucose Levels: A Review. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri. 4(1), 410-416.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2012). Guideline: Sodium Intake for Adults and Children. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 2012.
Venughopal, J.P. (2010). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Notabel Athnic Differences or Unfulfilled Promise. Journal of Thrombosis Haemostasis. 8(10): 1095-2104.
Zhang, Q., Junzen, Z., Jingkai, S., Angelica, S., dan Dorothy, A. (2006). A Simple 96 Well Microplate Method for Estimation of Total Polyphenol Content in Seaweeds. Journal of Applied Phycology. 18: 445-450.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v19i1.966
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 378 timesPDF (Bahasa Indonesia) - 242 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
JPBKP adalah Jurnal Ilmiah yang terindeks :
ISSN : 1907-9133(print), ISSN : 2406-9264(online)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.